Tag Archives: NH3 Cracking

Material Discovery and High Throughput Exploration of Ru Based Catalysts for Low Temperature Ammonia Decomposition

Katie McCullough*, Travis Williams, Benjamin Ruiz, Jochen Lauterbach, University of South Carolina, USA

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

High throughput experimentation gives us the unique ability to generate massive, multidimensional datasets that are not typical for heterogeneous catalysis studies. Here, we show the synthesis and catalytic screening of over 100 different Ru based bimetallic catalyst combinations using 33 different metals that were synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were analyzed using Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) for phase identification. Catalysts were screened for ammonia decomposition activity using a 16-channel parallel plug flow reactor. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging was used to analyze all 16 effluent streams in parallel in under one minute.

All results obtained from WAXS characterization and catalyst screening were fed into a machine learning algorithm to extract the activity descriptors and elemental characteristics that are responsible for ammonia decomposition activity at different operating temperatures. The knowledge extracted from this materials agnostic machine learning algorithm was used to design a second iteration of catalysts, where features that contributed to the greatest change in activity were accentuated. Continue reading

Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Efficient Delivery of High Purity Hydrogen from Ammonia Decomposition

Zhenyu Zhang*, Simona Liguori, J. Douglas Way, Colin A. Wolden, Colorado School of Mines, USA

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

The deployment of fuel cell electric vehicles is constrained by the paucity of hydrogen fueling stations and price, which is dominated by the costs of hydrogen storage and transportation. With more hydrogen per volume than liquid H2 and an extensive distribution infrastructure in place, ammonia is a promising vector for efficient hydrogen distribution. In this talk we describe the development of innovative catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) technology for the delivery of high purity H2 from ammonia cracking. Continue reading

Ammonia As a Hydrogen Carrier for PEM Fuel Cells

Yoshitsugu Kojima, Hiroshima University, Japan

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

Ammonia (NH3) is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25°C, and has highest volumetric hydrogen density of 10.7 kg H2 /100L. It has high gravimetric hydrogen density of 17.8 wt%. The heat of formation of NH3 is about 1/10 of combustion heat of hydrogen. NH3 has advantages as a hydrogen carrier for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs).

ISO 14687-2:2012 specifies the quality characteristics of hydrogen fuel. The maximum concentration of NH3 and N2 for the FCVs is 0.1ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. The minimum H2 purity is 99.97%. We need component technologies to produce high-purity hydrogen from ammonia, together with those to improve hydrogen energy efficiency. Continue reading

Ammonia-to-Hydrogen System for FCEV Refuelling

Michael D. Dolan, CSIRO, Australia

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

Ammonia can play a significant role in fuelling the world’s growing fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fleet through technologies which allow the decomposition of NH3, and subsequent extraction and purification of H2. CSIRO has recently demonstrated a pilot-scale ammonia-to-hydrogen system, incorporating an ammonia decomposition stage with a subsequent membrane-based hydrogen purification stage, at a rate of several kilograms of H2 per day. Through partnerships with an industrial gas producer and two FCEV manufacturers, the resulting H2 has been compressed and dispensed into FCEVs. System design, materials, performance and strategies for scale-up and demonstration will be discussed. Continue reading

Novel Catalysts for Ammonia Cracking and Synthesis

Bill David*1,2, Josh Makepeace1, Thomas Wood2
[1] University of Oxford; [2] Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

The most effective ammonia cracking catalysts are currently based on rare metals such as ruthenium and cobalt. While iron can efficiently crack ammonia at 600 °C, it is desirable to develop similarly inexpensive catalysts that are effective at lower temperatures between 350 °C and 500 °C. In this presentation, a new family of imide-based catalysts are described that crack ammonia around 400 °C to 550 °C. These materials do not behave as conventional surface-based catalysts and offer an affordable route for on-board cracking of ammonia for hydrogen fuel-cell cars. The operational parameters of a small 50W lab-based demonstrator will be described and the presentation will conclude with a discussion of the promise of these materials as ammonia synthesis catalysts. Continue reading

Applications of hydrogen permeable membranes in ammonia synthesis and decomposition

Sean-Thomas B. Lundin*, Thomas F. Fuerst, Jason C. Ganley, Colin A. Wolden, J. Douglas Way
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, USA

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 19, 2016

ABSTRACT

It is well known that ammonia is being considered as a method of storing hydrogen. Although some fuel cells are being developed that can use ammonia directly as a fuel source, many fuel cell technologies still require an outside cracker to revert ammonia back into hydrogen for efficient use. In this regard, hydrogen permeable membranes, such as Pd and its alloys, have been targeted as potential membrane reactors in which the ammonia is cracked while the hydrogen is simultaneously separated. Pd and its alloys are expensive, but offer potentially perfect hydrogen purity that is highly preferable for certain fuel cells susceptible to ammonia poisoning. Yet, cheaper metals, such as V, Nb and Ta, may offer a more affordable alternative while maintaining perfect hydrogen selectivity. The first part of this talk will involve our work on ammonia decomposition using both Pd-based membranes and the cheaper V, Ta or Nb metals. Continue reading

Student Laboratory Module: Kinetics of Ammonia Cracking

Jason Ganley, Colorado School of Mines
11th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, September 23, 2014 Continue reading

A novel approach to ammonia decomposition

W I F David
ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford

11th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, September 23, 2014 Continue reading