Tag Archives: Hydrogen Carrier

Ignition of an Aqueous Ammonia/Ammonium Nitrate Fuel

Posted on December 14, 2018 by | Leave a comment

Bar Mosevitzky*, Gennady E. Shter, Gideon S. Grader, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

To achieve a truly renewable energy market, the intermittent power generation of sources such as solar and wind must be overcome. Renewable ammonia can be synthesized using these sources to be used as a long-term energy storage medium. For this reason, the use of ammonia as a synthetic fuel has garnered significant attention in recent years. Aqueous AAN (ammonia/ammonium nitrate) is a carbon-free ammonia based monofuel suitable for energy storage applications. This fuel is safe to store and transport, and its combustion products consist mainly of water and nitrogen. Effective use of this fuel requires an in-depth understanding of the reaction pathways dominating its ignition.

In this work, the accumulated results from experiments conducted to test the effects of water content, equivalence ratio, and diluent pressure on AAN ignition will be reviewed. The use of simulations to reproduce these results will be evaluated, and the data generated by rate-of-production and sensitivity analyses will be reviewed. Finally, the reaction pathways involved in AAN ignition and their relation to its water content, equivalence ratio and diluent pressure will be presented, and the implications of the rate-determining steps for AAN ignition will be discussed. Continue reading →

Leave a comment

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged ,

Development of a Highly Efficient COx-Free Ammonia Dehydrogenation System for Fuel Cell Applications

Posted on December 9, 2018 by | Leave a comment

Young Suk Jo1*, Junyoung Cha1,2, Hyuntae Sohn1, Suk Woo Nam1,2 and Chang Won Yoon1,3; [1] Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), South Korea, [2] Green School, Korea University, South Korea, [3] Kyunghee University, South Korea

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

The shortage of fossil fuels and emission of carbon dioxide to the environment have attracted an interest in discovering renewable energy as the next generation energy source. Owing to its intermittent and unpredictable nature, however, excess renewable energy needs to be stored and reused on demand. In the regard, hydrogen, which possesses a high gravimetric energy density and carbon free combustion process, has been extensively researched as a promising renewable energy carrier. However, the distribution and storage of hydrogen still raise important challenges due to the low volumetric energy density of hydrogen for its wide utilization. Currently, gaseous hydrogen transportation by pipeline and batch transportation using liquefied/compressed hydrogen have been implemented, but are either not economically viable, particularly for long distance transport, or significantly energy-intensive. Therefore, a lot of attention recently has been paid to the liquid chemical hydrogen storage materials such as liquid ammonia, cycloalkanes and heterocycles, formic acid, and so forth.

Among the candidates, liquid ammonia is an excellent hydrogen carrier owing to its high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities and moderate condensation conditions compared to other chemical hydrogen storage materials. Furthermore, the production and distribution activities of ammonia are already well-established processes internationally. The liquid ammonia can be dehydrogenated at the temperatures of ≤ 550 °C leading to hydrogen and nitrogen as major products with no carbon release to the environment. All these properties make liquid ammonia highly intriguing as a hydrogen carrier for power generation in conjunction with fuel cells.

The present study demonstrates a > 1kW-class COx-free power generation system including an ammonia feed, a dehydrogenation reactor, a i-butane burner, a heat exchanger, a hydrogen purification unit and a PEMFC. Continue reading →

Leave a comment

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , ,

Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Efficient Delivery of High Purity Hydrogen from Ammonia Decomposition

Posted on December 9, 2018 by | Leave a comment

Zhenyu Zhang*, Simona Liguori, J. Douglas Way, Colin A. Wolden, Colorado School of Mines, USA

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

The deployment of fuel cell electric vehicles is constrained by the paucity of hydrogen fueling stations and price, which is dominated by the costs of hydrogen storage and transportation. With more hydrogen per volume than liquid H2 and an extensive distribution infrastructure in place, ammonia is a promising vector for efficient hydrogen distribution. In this talk we describe the development of innovative catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) technology for the delivery of high purity H2 from ammonia cracking. Continue reading →

Leave a comment

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , ,

Ammonia-to-Hydrogen System for FCEV Refuelling

Posted on December 8, 2018 by | Leave a comment

Michael D. Dolan, CSIRO, Australia

15th Annual NH3 Fuel Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 31, 2018
NH3 Energy+ Topical Conference at the AIChE Annual Meeting

ABSTRACT

Ammonia can play a significant role in fuelling the world’s growing fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fleet through technologies which allow the decomposition of NH3, and subsequent extraction and purification of H2. CSIRO has recently demonstrated a pilot-scale ammonia-to-hydrogen system, incorporating an ammonia decomposition stage with a subsequent membrane-based hydrogen purification stage, at a rate of several kilograms of H2 per day. Through partnerships with an industrial gas producer and two FCEV manufacturers, the resulting H2 has been compressed and dispensed into FCEVs. System design, materials, performance and strategies for scale-up and demonstration will be discussed. Continue reading →

Leave a comment

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , , ,

Novel Catalysts for Ammonia Cracking and Synthesis

Posted on October 1, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Bill David*1,2, Josh Makepeace1, Thomas Wood2
[1] University of Oxford; [2] Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, United Kingdom

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

The most effective ammonia cracking catalysts are currently based on rare metals such as ruthenium and cobalt. While iron can efficiently crack ammonia at 600 °C, it is desirable to develop similarly inexpensive catalysts that are effective at lower temperatures between 350 °C and 500 °C. In this presentation, a new family of imide-based catalysts are described that crack ammonia around 400 °C to 550 °C. These materials do not behave as conventional surface-based catalysts and offer an affordable route for on-board cracking of ammonia for hydrogen fuel-cell cars. The operational parameters of a small 50W lab-based demonstrator will be described and the presentation will conclude with a discussion of the promise of these materials as ammonia synthesis catalysts. Continue reading →

Leave a comment

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , , ,

Delivering Clean Hydrogen Fuel from Ammonia Using Metal Membranes

Posted on October 1, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Michael Dolan
CSIRO, Australia

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

The use of ammonia (NH3) as a hydrogen vector can potentially enable renewable energy export from Australia to markets in Asia and Europe. With a higher hydrogen density than liquid H2, plus existing production and transport infrastructure, and well-developed safety practices and standards, the financial and regulatory barriers to this industry are lower than for liquid H2 transport. The only significant technical barrier which remains, however, is the efficient utilisation of ammonia fuel at or near the point of use, either directly or through the production of H2. Continue reading →

Leave a comment

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , , , ,

Nitrogen-Based Fuels: Renewable Hydrogen Carriers

Posted on September 26, 2017 by | 3 comments

Gideon S. Grader*, Michael Epstein, Ayillath Kutteri Deepa, Oren Elishav, Gennady E. Shter, Bar Mosevitzky
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

NH3 Fuel Conference 2017, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind suffer from an intermittent power output, making energy storage a key element in future energy infrastructure. Fuels offer both high energy densities and efficient transport compared to other energy storage alternatives. One energy storage solution is water electrolysis. However, the generated hydrogen is incompatible with the global fuel infrastructure, inhibiting its implementation as an energy vector. Storing hydrogen on carrier atoms provides a safe and convenient way to utilize and transport renewable energies. While carbon–based fuels are commonly suggested, using nitrogen as a hydrogen carrier can potentially offer a superior option. Continue reading →

3 Comments

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , , , , ,

CO2-Free NH3

Posted on September 30, 2016 by | 3 comments

Ken-ichi Aika
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 20, 2016

DOWNLOAD

Download this presentation here [PDF, 600KB]

RELATED NH3 FUEL CONFERENCE PAPERS

2013: Ammonia as an Energy Carrier for Renewable Energy

LINKS

Ken-ichi Aika, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Learn more about the 2016 NH3 Fuel Conference

3 Comments

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , , , , , , , ,

Research and Development of Ammonia-fueled SOFC Systems

Posted on August 24, 2016 by | 5 comments

Koichi Eguchi1*, Atthapon Srifa1, Takeou Okanishi1, Hiroki Muroyama1, Toshiaki Matsui1, Masashi Kishimoto1, Motohiro Saito1, Hiroshi Iwai1, Hideo Yoshida1, Masaki Saito2, Takeshi Koide2, Hiroyuki Iwai2, Shinsuke Suzuki2, Yosuke Takahashi2, Toshitaka Horiuchi3, Hayahide Yamasaki3, Shohei Matsumoto4, Shuji Yumoto4, Hidehito Kubo4, Jun Kawahara5, Akihiro Okabe5, Yuki Kikkawa6, Takenori Isomura6
1 Kyoto University; 2 Noritake; 3 Nippon Shokubai; 4 Toyota Industries; 5 Mitsui Chemical; 6 Tokuyama, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 19, 2016

ABSTRACT

Ammonia is a promising hydrogen carrier because of its high hydrogen density, low production cost, and ease in liquefaction and transport. Ammonia decomposes into nitrogen and hydrogen through a mildly endothermic process. The ammonia decomposition temperature is close to the operating conditions of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Therefore, the integration of these two devices is beneficial in terms of efficient heat and energy managements and will lead to the development of simplified generation systems. Continue reading →

5 Comments

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , , , ,

Ammonia Storage Materials Using Metal Halides and Borohydrides

Posted on August 23, 2016 by | 1 comment

Yoshitsugu Kojima
Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 20, 2016

ABSTRACT

Ammonia (NH3) is easily liquefied by compression at 1 MPa and 25 °C, and has a highest volumetric hydrogen density of 10.7 kg H2 /100L in hydrogen carriers. The volumetric hydrogen density is above 1.5 times of liquid hydrogen at 0.1 MPa and -253 °C. The vapor pressure of liquid NH3 is similar to propane. Moreover it has a high gravimetric hydrogen density of 17.8 mass%. NH3 is burnable substance and has a side as an energy carrier which is different from other hydrogen carriers. The heat of formation of NH3 is 30.6 kJ/molH2. The value is about 1/10 of heat of combustion for hydrogen. Continue reading →

1 Comment

Posted in Conference Paper

Tagged , ,