Tag Archives: Emissions

Efficient and Clean Combustion of Ammonia-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures

Posted on September 27, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Hadi Nozari1, Arif Karabeyoğlu1,2
[1] Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; [2] Space Propulsion Group, Palo Alto CA, United States

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Based on its well-known merits ammonia has been gaining special attention as a potential renewable energy carrier which can be replaced in power generation systems. Considering its low flame speed and its potential for producing fuel NOx as the main challenges of combusting ammonia, flame stability, combustion efficiency, and NOx formation are experimentally investigated. Focus is on premixed ammonia-hydrogen-air flames with high mixture fractions of ammonia (60-90% by volume) under standard temperature and pressure conditions. Continue reading →

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Effects of the Thickness of the Burner Rim, the Velocities of Fuel and Air on Extinction Limit of Ammonia Coaxial Jet Diffusion Flame

Posted on September 27, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Yohei Ishikawa1, Jun Hayashi1*, Hiroyuki Takeishi1, Takahiro Okanami1, Kimio Iino1, Fumiteru Akamatsu1, Yasuyuki Yamamoto2, Yoshiyuki Hagiwara2
[1] Osaka University; and [2] Taiyo Nippon Sanso, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Ammonia is regarded as one of the alternative fuels because CO2 doesn’t emit during the combustion process of ammonia. Ammonia also has advantages in storage and transportation. In addition, ammonia has a potential to be a “hydrogen carrier” because of high amount of hydrogen content. However, there are several combustion related problems such as the low flammability, the low radiative power and the high NOx formation. To use ammonia as a fuel, therefore, it is necessary to understand the fundamental phenomena of the combustibility of the ammonia such as laminar burning velocity, strength of the radiation and extinction limit. Since a coaxial jet diffusion flame is commonly used on the industrial furnaces, the extinction limit of ammonia coaxial jet diffusion flame is important to know for developing ammonia-flamed furnaces. Continue reading →

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Detailed Observation of Coal-Ammonia Co-Combustion Processes

Posted on September 27, 2017 by | 4 comments

Noriaki Nakatsuka*, Junpei Fukui, Kazuki Tainaka, Hidetaka Higashino, Jun Hayashi, Fumiteru Akamatsu
Osaka University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Coal-fired power generation is supplying about 30% of the world’s primary energy. Almost all of coal-fired power plants in Japan employ the pulverized coal combustion method. In the pulverized coal combustion, coal is pulverized into a powder of several tens of microns. This method enables to burn coal effectively because of the large surface to volume ratio. Pulverized coal particles are supplied to the actual boilers with primary air whose Air/Coal ratio (mass flow rate of primary air/mass flow rate of pulverized coal) is set to 2.0. Co-combustion of coal with ammonia has been studied with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions in coal boilers and coal power plants in terms of a concept to use ammonia as a renewable fuel from solar, wind, etc. Continue reading →

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Combustion Emissions from NH3 Fuel Gas Turbine Power Generation Demonstrated

Posted on September 27, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Osamu Kurata1*, Norihiko Iki1, Takahiro Inoue1, Takayuki Matsunuma1, Taku Tsujimura2, Hirohide Furutani2, Hideaki Kobayashi3, Akihiro Hayakawa3
[1] National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); [2] Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA); and [3] Tohoku University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

To protect against global warming, a massive influx of renewable energy is expected. Although H2 is a renewable media, its storage and transportation in large quantity is difficult. NH3 fuel, however, is an H2 energy carrier and carbon-free fuel, and its storage and transportation technology is already established. Although NH3 fuel combustion was studied in the 1960s in the USA, the development of an NH3 fuel gas turbine had been abandoned because combustion efficiency was unacceptably low [1]. Recent demand for H2 energy carrier revives the usage of NH3 fuel, but no one has attempted an actual design setup for NH3 fuel gas turbine power generation. The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan collaborated with Tohoku University successfully performed NH3-kerosene gas turbine power generation in 2014, and NH3 fuel gas turbine power generation in 2015 [2]. Continue reading →

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Nitrogen-Based Fuels: Renewable Hydrogen Carriers

Posted on September 26, 2017 by | 3 comments

Gideon S. Grader*, Michael Epstein, Ayillath Kutteri Deepa, Oren Elishav, Gennady E. Shter, Bar Mosevitzky
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

NH3 Fuel Conference 2017, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind suffer from an intermittent power output, making energy storage a key element in future energy infrastructure. Fuels offer both high energy densities and efficient transport compared to other energy storage alternatives. One energy storage solution is water electrolysis. However, the generated hydrogen is incompatible with the global fuel infrastructure, inhibiting its implementation as an energy vector. Storing hydrogen on carrier atoms provides a safe and convenient way to utilize and transport renewable energies. While carbon–based fuels are commonly suggested, using nitrogen as a hydrogen carrier can potentially offer a superior option. Continue reading →

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CO2-Free NH3

Posted on September 30, 2016 by | 3 comments

Ken-ichi Aika
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 20, 2016

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2013: Ammonia as an Energy Carrier for Renewable Energy

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Ken-ichi Aika, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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Power Generation and Flame Visualization of Micro Gas Turbine Firing Ammonia or Ammonia-Methane Mixture

Posted on August 23, 2016 by | 3 comments

Norihiko Iki1*, Osamu Kurata1, Takayuki Matsunuma1, Takahiro Inoue1, Taku Tsujimura1, Hirohide Furutani1, Hideaki Kobayashi2, Akihiro Hayakawa2
1Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), Japan
2Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 19, 2016

ABSTRACT

A demonstration test with the aim to show the potential of ammonia-fired power plant is planned using a micro gas turbine. 50kW class turbine system firing kerosene is selected as a base model. A standard combustor is replaced to a prototype combustor which enables a bi-fuel supply of kerosene and ammonia gas. Diffusion combustion is employed to the prototype combustor due to its flame stability. 44kW power generation was achieved by 100% heat from ammonia gas. Continue reading →

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Ammonia for Green Energy Storage and Beyond

Posted on August 23, 2016 by | 2 comments

Ian Wilkinson
Siemens Corporate Technology, UK

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 20, 2016

ABSTRACT

Siemens is participating in an all electric ammonia synthesis and energy storage system demonstration programme at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, near Oxford. The demonstrator, which will run until December 2017, is supported by Innovate UK. Collaborators include the University of Oxford, Cardiff University and the Science & Technology Facilities Council. Continue reading →

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Combustion characteristics of ammonia/air flames for a model swirl burner and an actual gas turbine combustor

Posted on August 22, 2016 by | 1 comment

Akihiro Hayakawa*1, K.D. Kunkuma A. Somarathne1, Ekenechukwu C. Okafor1, Taku Kudo1, Osamu Kurata2, Norihiko Iki2, Hideaki Kobayashi1
1Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan
2National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 19, 2016

ABSTRACT

Ammonia is expected not only as hydrogen energy carrier but also as carbon free fuel. For an industrial use of ammonia combustor, ammonia flame stabilized on a swirl combustor should be clarified. However, in order to realize an ammonia-fueled combustor, there are some issues to be solved, such as a difficulty of flame stabilization and reductions of NOx and ammonia emission. In this study, stabilization and emission characteristics of ammonia / air flames stabilized by a model swirl burner are investigated. Continue reading →

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Development of ammonia / natural gas dual fuel gas turbine combustor

Posted on August 22, 2016 by | 3 comments

Shintaro Ito*1, Soichiro Kato1, Tsukasa Saito1, Toshiro Fujimori1, Hideaki Kobayashi2
1IHI Corporation, Japan
2Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 19, 2016

ABSTRACT

NH3 is a carbon-free fuel, so it has the potential to reduce CO2 emission from the power plant when used as a fuel. However, NH3 has combustion characteristics different from conventional hydrocarbon fuels. The N atom in the ammonia molecule causes high NOx emission through combustion reactions. To develop a gas-turbine combustor, which burns a combination of NH3 and natural gas with controlled emissions, combustion characteristics have been studied experimentally and numerically by using a swirl-burner, which is typically used in gas-turbines. Continue reading →

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