Tag Archives: Environmental Performance

Methods for Low NOx Combustion in Ammonia / Natural Gas Dual Fuel Gas Turbine Combustor

Posted on October 1, 2017 by | 3 comments

Shogo Onishi1*, Shintaro Ito1, Masahiro Uchida1, Soichiro Kato1, Tsukasa Saito1, Toshiro Fujimori1, Hideaki Kobayashi2
[1] IHI Corporation, [2] Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel, so it has potential to reduce carbon dioxide emission from power plants when used as a fuel. However, combustion characteristics of ammonia are notably different from hydrocarbon fuels, especially regarding NOx emission [1]. The nitrogen atom of the ammonia molecule may cause high NOx emission. Therefore, special techniques to reduce NOx emission are essential for gas turbine combustors which burn ammonia and natural gas. The results of our previous study [2] showed the characteristics of NOx emission in single-stage combustion. In this study, the concept for low-emission combustion in two-stage combustion has been examined numerically and experimentally. Continue reading →

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Efficient and Clean Combustion of Ammonia-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures

Posted on September 27, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Hadi Nozari1, Arif Karabeyoğlu1,2
[1] Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey; [2] Space Propulsion Group, Palo Alto CA, United States

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Based on its well-known merits ammonia has been gaining special attention as a potential renewable energy carrier which can be replaced in power generation systems. Considering its low flame speed and its potential for producing fuel NOx as the main challenges of combusting ammonia, flame stability, combustion efficiency, and NOx formation are experimentally investigated. Focus is on premixed ammonia-hydrogen-air flames with high mixture fractions of ammonia (60-90% by volume) under standard temperature and pressure conditions. Continue reading →

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Combustion Emissions from NH3 Fuel Gas Turbine Power Generation Demonstrated

Posted on September 27, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Osamu Kurata1*, Norihiko Iki1, Takahiro Inoue1, Takayuki Matsunuma1, Taku Tsujimura2, Hirohide Furutani2, Hideaki Kobayashi3, Akihiro Hayakawa3
[1] National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST); [2] Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA); and [3] Tohoku University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

To protect against global warming, a massive influx of renewable energy is expected. Although H2 is a renewable media, its storage and transportation in large quantity is difficult. NH3 fuel, however, is an H2 energy carrier and carbon-free fuel, and its storage and transportation technology is already established. Although NH3 fuel combustion was studied in the 1960s in the USA, the development of an NH3 fuel gas turbine had been abandoned because combustion efficiency was unacceptably low [1]. Recent demand for H2 energy carrier revives the usage of NH3 fuel, but no one has attempted an actual design setup for NH3 fuel gas turbine power generation. The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan collaborated with Tohoku University successfully performed NH3-kerosene gas turbine power generation in 2014, and NH3 fuel gas turbine power generation in 2015 [2]. Continue reading →

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Comprehensive Evaluation of NH3 Production and Utilization Options for Clean Energy Applications

Posted on September 26, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Yusuf Bicer1, Ibrahim Dincer1, Greg Vezina2*
1 Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, and 2 Hydrofuel Inc., Canada

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

The project proposes a comprehensive investigation on the analysis, assessment and optimization of ammonia synthesis processes under renewable energy portfolio, including low-cost hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, ocean, biomass, etc. Furthermore, ammonia production via hydrocarbon decomposition, which will be investigated in the study, is a promising option to utilize fossil fuels in a cleaner and environmentally benign way. Case studies for various locations and applications in communities, cities and provinces to develop and implement clean solutions are performed. The objectives of this project include energy and exergy analyses, environmental impact assessments, thermo-economic analyses and evaluations, optimization studies, experimental investigation, scalability and feasibility analyses. The analyses results will show the optimized solutions for the ammonia synthesis depending on different locations in Canada. Moreover, emerging ammonia synthesis methods will be investigated which can bring additional cost and efficiency benefits. Continue reading →

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Ammonia Renewable Energy Fuel Systems at Continental Scale

Posted on September 26, 2017 by | Leave a comment

William C. Leighty
The Leighty Foundation, United States

NH3 Fuel Conference, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

We must soon “run the world on renewables” but cannot, and should not try to, accomplish this entirely with electricity transmission. New, abundant, low-cost, unconventional natural gas supplies are finite; burning adds CO2 to Earth’s atmosphere.

Humanity’s goal must be nothing less than: Transforming the world’s largest industry from ~80% fossil to ~100% renewable, CO2-emission-free energy sources as quickly as we prudently and profitably can.

We should now carefully consider using pipeline networks, rather than the electricity grid, for solving the three salient technical problems of renewable energy (RE) at lower cost Continue reading →

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Nitrogen-Based Fuels: Renewable Hydrogen Carriers

Posted on September 26, 2017 by | 3 comments

Gideon S. Grader*, Michael Epstein, Ayillath Kutteri Deepa, Oren Elishav, Gennady E. Shter, Bar Mosevitzky
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel

NH3 Fuel Conference 2017, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind suffer from an intermittent power output, making energy storage a key element in future energy infrastructure. Fuels offer both high energy densities and efficient transport compared to other energy storage alternatives. One energy storage solution is water electrolysis. However, the generated hydrogen is incompatible with the global fuel infrastructure, inhibiting its implementation as an energy vector. Storing hydrogen on carrier atoms provides a safe and convenient way to utilize and transport renewable energies. While carbon–based fuels are commonly suggested, using nitrogen as a hydrogen carrier can potentially offer a superior option. Continue reading →

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NH3: The Optimal Alternative Fuel

Posted on September 26, 2017 by | Leave a comment

Norm Olson
NH3 Fuel Association, United States

NH3 Fuel Conference 2017, Minneapolis, November 1, 2017
AIChE Annual Meeting, Topical Conference: NH3 Energy+

ABSTRACT

Unlike some technology areas where “all of the above” has significant advantages, there are tremendous advantages associated with choosing a single, optimized, liquid transportation fuel. The cost, efficiency and environmental benefits associated with choosing an optimized liquid transportation fuel are enormous and merit serious consideration.

NH3 most closely meets the criteria for an ideal liquid transportation fuel. Continue reading →

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Key Life Cycle Assessment Numbers for NH3, Green and Brown Energy

Posted on August 24, 2016 by | 1 comment

Yusuf Bicer1, Ibrahim Dincer1, Calin Zamfirescu1, Greg Vezina2*, Frank Raso2
1 Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, and 2 Hydrofuel Inc., Canada

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 20, 2016

ABSTRACT

This talk will present the results of two recent studies.

In the first study, four different ammonia production methods are comparatively evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA). Continue reading →

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Power Generation and Flame Visualization of Micro Gas Turbine Firing Ammonia or Ammonia-Methane Mixture

Posted on August 23, 2016 by | 3 comments

Norihiko Iki1*, Osamu Kurata1, Takayuki Matsunuma1, Takahiro Inoue1, Taku Tsujimura1, Hirohide Furutani1, Hideaki Kobayashi2, Akihiro Hayakawa2
1Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute, AIST (FREA), Japan
2Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Japan

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 19, 2016

ABSTRACT

A demonstration test with the aim to show the potential of ammonia-fired power plant is planned using a micro gas turbine. 50kW class turbine system firing kerosene is selected as a base model. A standard combustor is replaced to a prototype combustor which enables a bi-fuel supply of kerosene and ammonia gas. Diffusion combustion is employed to the prototype combustor due to its flame stability. 44kW power generation was achieved by 100% heat from ammonia gas. Continue reading →

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NOx emission analysis and flame stabilization of ammonia-hydrogen-air premixed flames

Posted on August 22, 2016 by | 1 comment

Hadi Nozari1, Arif Karabeyoğlu1,2
1Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
2Space Propulsion Group, Palo Alto CA, USA

NH3 Fuel Conference, Los Angeles, September 19, 2016

ABSTRACT

Based on its well-known merits, ammonia has been gaining special attention as a potential renewable energy carrier which can be replaced in power generation units. One of the major challenges with ammonia as a fuel is NOx emission, which has a complex underlying chemical kinetics. Continue reading →

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